Taw qhia:
Gallic acid(GA) yog ib feem ntawm hydrolyzable tannins, tseem hu ua gallic acid lossis gallic acid. Nws yog cov organic acid uas tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob rau hauv gallnut, sumac, tshuaj yej thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm gallic acid nyob rau hauv Yunnan Pu'er tshuaj yej yog qhov siab, thiab nws muaj ntau yam kev lom neeg xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj ntau yam teebmeem xws li tua trypanosomatids, tiv thaiv daim siab thiab tiv thaiv kab mob siab B. Ntawm tag nrho cov theem, cov ntsiab lus ntawm gallic acid hauv Pu'er tshuaj yej yog siab dua li ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv Suav. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, gallic acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb physiologically active Cheebtsam ntawm Pu'er tshuaj yej.
Kev tsim khoom
Acid hydrolysis
Txoj kev acid hydrolysis feem ntau muab faib ua ib-kauj ruam txoj kev thiab ob-kauj ruam txoj kev. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj cov kua qaub los ntawm ob txoj kev: raw cov ntaub ntawv → dej kub leaching → lim tawm cov lim residue → concentrating cov tannin aqueous tov txog li 20% → hydrolysis nrog acid → txias thiab crystallization → centrifugation kom tau cov Cov khoom siv raw → dissolving cov khoom crude thiab ntxiv carbon rau decolorization → tom qab pom Txias thiab crystallization → centrifugation → ziab → tiav gallic acid. Cov txheej txheem khiav ntawm kev npaj gallic acid los ntawm ib-kauj ruam txoj kev yog piv nrog ob-kauj ruam txoj kev, nws tshem tawm cov kauj ruam ntawm leaching tannins thiab ncaj qha ntxiv acid hydrolysis, tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau crushing, leaching, concentration thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, shortening lub ntau lawm voj voog, thiab cov txheej txheem txoj kev thiab cov khoom tsim tsim nyog. Nws yog qhov ua tau, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm nws cov khoom tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam, nrhiav txoj hauv kev tawm rau cov peev txheej hav zoov hauv thaj chaw roob.
Txawm li cas los xij, sulfuric acid siv hauv cov kua qaub hydrolysis yog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv sib txawv. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lim thiab cov kav dej khov yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel, vim tias qhov kub thiab txias thiab acid concentration, corrosion yog pom tseeb, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv.
Alkaline hydrolysis
Alkaline dej yog cov khoom siv raw leaching kua, uas yog, tannin aqueous tov, uas yog hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob, thiab ces neutralized thiab acidified nrog acid los tsim gallic acid.
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: Cov ntaub ntawv raw → dej kub leaching → hydrolysis nrog alkali → neutralization nrog acid → txias thiab crystallization → centrifugation kom tau cov khoom crude → dissolution ntawm crude khoom thiab decolorization nrog carbon → crystallization tom qab pom → centrifugation → ziab → tiav gallic acid .
Piv nrog rau cov kua qaub hydrolysis txoj kev, alkaline hydrolysis txoj kev yog tsis heev corrosive rau cov cuab yeej thiab zoo heev txo cov nqi ntawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem yog qhov nyuaj dua li cov txheej txheem acid hydrolysis. Feem ntau gallic acid ntau lawm hauv Suav teb siv alkaline hydrolysis txoj kev.
Fermentation
Cov kab mob yog siv los ferment hauv cov kua dej uas muaj tannins, thiab cov piam thaj hauv cov tannins yog siv los ua cov pa roj carbon monoxide rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Biological enzymes induced los ntawm microorganisms catalyze hydrolysis ntawm tannins.
Cov txheej txheem ntws: Sib tsoo cov ntaub ntawv raw kom txog thaum txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 10 hli → Sieve tawm kab hmoov → Dip rau hauv 30% tannin tov nrog dej → Ntxiv cov pwm dub → Ferment rau 8 ~ 9 hnub → Lim → Ntxuav → Crude gallic acid → Dissolve thiab recrystallize → Industrial gallic acid.
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev fermentation yog qhov tsim ntawm biological enzymes thiab hydrolysis ntawm tannins yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tib lub hlab ntsha. Cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem yog qhov nyuaj kom ncav cuag lub xeev zoo, ua rau lub voj voog ntev dua (ntau dua 3 hnub), tsis tiav hydrolysis ntawm tannins, thiab cov tannins seem. Txog li 15% ~ 20%.
Txoj kev Enzymatic
Hauv kev teb rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm txoj kev fermentation, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem enzymatic tshiab tau tsim nyob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Tus yuam sij rau txoj kev enzymatic yog los tshuaj xyuas thiab npaj cov enzymes zoo. Tannase yog ib qho acetyl hydrolase, uas yog ib qho ntxiv-spore-induced acetyl hydrolase. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo, tshwj xeeb thiab taw qhia kom tshem tawm cov ester bonds, phenolic bonds thiab glycosidic bonds hauv tannin molecules los tsim cov kua qaub. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog, ntau yam pwm tuaj yeem tsim tannase los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov inducer tannin. Cov kab mob uas nquag siv yog Koji pwm.
Cov txheej txheem ntws: Enzyme kab lis kev cai → fermentation → hydrolysis → lim → concentration → crude crystallization → sib cais → decolorization → thawj crystallization → Secondary crystallization → ziab → pulverization → tiav gallic acid.
Piv nrog rau txoj kev fermentation, lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev enzymatic yog heev luv luv, lub tannin hydrolysis conversion tus nqi nce mus txog ntau tshaj 98%, thiab tus nqi Performance index thiab ntau lawm yog txo.
Muaj nuj nqi
Antioxidant
Gallic acid ester tebchaw tuaj yeem ua ke siv gallic acid ua raw khoom. Cov alkyl esters ntawm gallic acid tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov esters qis (xws li methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester, thiab lwm yam) thiab ntau dua esters (xws li octyl ester) raws li cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv pawg alkyl. , lauryl ester, octadecyl cawv ester, thiab lwm yam), cov ester tebchaw yog cov zaub mov antioxidants nrog kev ua tau zoo heev. Xyoo 1980s, Nyiv twb tau siv cov tshuaj antioxidants uas muaj li ntawm 95% gallic acid thiab lwm yam additives, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog propyl gallate raws li ib tug antioxidant, uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv edible roj los tiv thaiv rancidity thiab deterioration. Propyl gallate (PG) tau pom zoo siv hauv ntau lub tebchaws.
Anti-inflammatory
Gallic acid muaj ntau yam kev ua ub no xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv, antioxidant, thiab tiv thaiv dawb radicals. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, gallic acid muaj cov teebmeem tiv thaiv qog thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov metastasis ntawm mast cell hlav, yog li ua kom muaj sia nyob ntev. Nws kuj yog ib qho tsim nyog trypanosome killer. Cov tshuaj sib tw; muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim siab thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab biochemical ntawm lub siab raug ntxias los ntawm carbon tetrachloride; tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha endothelium-dependent contraction thiab endothelium-dependent so los ntawm inhibiting zus tau tej cov endothelial NO.
Antibacterial thiab antiviral:
Hauv vitro, nws muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina, -type Keyococcus, Neisseria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella freundii, Typhimurium Hd, Paratyphi A, thiab lwm yam. Nws inhibitory concentration yog 5 mg. /ml. Hauv vitro, nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm 17 hom fungi ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 3%, thiab tseem muaj qee yam inhibitory nyhuv ntawm cov kab mob khaub thuas. Yuav kho cov kab mob bacillary dysentery. Nws muaj astringent, hemostatic thiab antidiarrheal teebmeem.
Daim ntawv thov
Kev lag luam:
Gallic acid thiab ferric ions tsim cov xim xiav-dub precipitate, uas yog cov khoom siv ntawm xiav-dub number case; nws kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv tanning thiab dyes kev lag luam; Siv los ua tus tsim duab thaij duab.
Khoom noj khoom haus
Propyl gallate yog ib qho antioxidant, thiab bismuth ntsev nyob rau hauv gallic acid tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov roj edible los tiv thaiv rancidity thiab deterioration.
Tshuaj kho mob,Gallic acid yog ib qho hemostatic astringent thiab ib qho mob me me hauv zos.
Yog koj xav kawm ntxiv, thov hu rausales@sxytbio.com,Nyem qhov no los tiv tauj peb hauv online
