I,Taw qhia rau capsaicin hmoov

Capsaicin, uas nws lub npe tshuaj yog trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide thiab nws cov tshuaj formula yog C18H27NO3, yog cov tshuaj nquag ntawm cov kua txob. Nws yog khaus rau tsiaj nrog rau tib neeg thiab tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab hauv qhov ncauj. Kev kub nyhiab. Capsaicin yog ib qho active tivthaiv ntawm chili peppers. Nws yog ib qho vanilloidamine derivative, suav txog li 70% ntawm capsaicinoids, thiab yog lub ntsiab txiav txim ntawm spiciness. Lub npe tshuaj capsaicin yog trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenylphthalamine. Nws yooj yim soluble hauv lipids thiab insoluble hauv dej. Nws yog xim tsis muaj xim thiab tsw ntxhiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm crystalline los yog waxy compounds. muaj. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias capsaicin tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg hnov ​​​​qab, thiab muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev qaug zog, txo cov ntshav qab zib thiab lipids, tiv thaiv kab mob plab, txo qhov mob, tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, thiab kho mob qog noj ntshav. Txawm hais tias tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm capsaicin tuaj yeem nqa cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg lub cev, kev noj ntau dhau ntawm capsaicin tseem ua rau tib neeg lub cev. Kab lus no piav qhia txog hom kev nqis tes ua thiab ntau yam kev siv tau zoo ntawm capsaicin, thiab hais txog kev siv cov tshuaj capsaicin kom ua tiav nws cov txiaj ntsig raws li nws qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab lub sijhawm noj.

Capsaicin yog cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov kua txob. Nws yog khaus rau cov tsiaj txhu, suav nrog tib neeg, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab hauv qhov ncauj. Capsaicin thiab qee qhov sib xyaw ua ke, tseem hu ua capsaicin, yog cov metabolites thib ob uas ua los ntawm cov kua txob thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau herbivores. Cov noog feem ntau tsis nkag siab rau cov kua txob.

II,Kev siv Capsaicin

1. Raws li cov khoom noj ntxiv. Raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov kua txob yuav tsum tau ua kom maj mam ua kom cov kua ntses, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov khoom no tau noj, cov capsaicin yuav tsum tau ua cov txheej txheem leaching, thiab bioavailability ntawm capsaicin tsis siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, alkali tseem tso tawm rau hauv txoj hnyuv, ua rau lub plab zom mov, ua rau lub plab tsis xis nyob, txawm tias qhov quav hlawv, thiab ua rau hemorrhoids. Yog li ntawd, capsaicin tau muab rho tawm thiab cais tawm los ntawm cov kua txob thiab siv los ua ib qho ntxiv hauv kev ua zaub mov, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tswj hwm ntawm spiciness thiab kev nqus tag nrho thiab kev siv capsaicin.

2. Hais txog tshuaj thiab kev kho mob: kuv lub teb chaws yog ib lub teb chaws thawj zaug siv kua txob ua tshuaj. Hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj, kua txob yog siv los kho mob plab, mob rheumatism thiab lwm yam kab mob. Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no qhia tau hais tias capsaicin muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj loog, tshuaj loog thiab detoxification. Nws cov nyhuv analgesic zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj morphine, tab sis nws muaj zog dua morphine. Nws tuaj yeem kho post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia thiab ntshav qab zib neuralgia. , rheumatoid mob caj dab, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, alopecia, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj cov nyhuv curative tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, capsaicin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav thiab muaj kev tshwj xeeb rau kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, poob phaus, thiab lwm yam.

3. Siv rau hauv marine antifouling coatings: Qee cov kab mob txuas hauv dej hiav txwv, xws li barnacles, seaweeds, shellfish, thiab lwm yam, yog txuas rau hauv qab ntawm cov nkoj, buoys, docks, choj piers, seaweed pipelines thiab yug me nyuam tawb thiab nets. Vim lawv cov khoom Nws yog qhov loj thiab loj hlob sai heev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub nkoj qeeb, nce roj, nrawm hlau corrosion, thaiv cov kav dej thiab lub tawb meshes, tsis sib npaug hauv qab dej, thiab lwm yam, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm dej hiav txwv. Capsaicin ua raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob, muaj lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob, tsis tua cov neeg hauv hiav txwv, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ecological.

4. Raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov xov hlau thiab cov cables: PVC thiab polyethylene tau nce siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev thiab sheathing hauv kev lag luam hlau thiab cable. Ntxiv nrog rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov pa oxygen, cua sov, lub teeb, lub zog, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg erosion, lawv tseem tuaj yeem noj tau los ntawm cov kab, nas lossis hares, ua rau hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lus cuam tshuam, thiab txawm tias luv luv uas tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub. Lub zog pungent saj ntawm capsaicin tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub qhov ncauj mucosa thiab saj cov hlab ntsha ntawm nas. Nws ntxub zom zom thiab tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob tib lub sijhawm, yog li nws muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv cov xov hlau thiab cables.

III,Mechanism ntawm kev ua ntawm capsaicin

1. Capsaicin receptors thiab lawv cov dej num

Capsaicin khi rau VR1 thiab ua kom lub membrane ion channel ncaj qha ua ke rau cov receptor, uas yog ib qho tsis tshwj xeeb cation channel. Tom qab lub channel qhib, feem ntau calcium ions (thiab kuj sodium ions) nkag mus rau hauv lub cell, poov tshuaj ions tawm hauv lub cell, thiab qee cov chloride ions kuj nkag mus rau hauv lub cell kom sib npaug. VR1- cov kab sib txuas sib txuas sib txawv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem thaiv los ntawm sodium, potassium, lossis calcium channel blockers. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem thaiv los ntawm ruthenium liab. Lub capsaicin homologue cov pos hniav lipotoxin cais tawm ntawm cov latex ntawm Euphorbia cov pos hniav tuaj yeem ua kom VR1 thiab muaj zog dua. Capsaicin yog ib qho kev sib tw antagonist ntawm VR1, tab sis nws tsis ua mob los yog analgesia ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws tsis muaj qhov sib thooj ligand uas khi rau qhov chaw mob.

Cov lus teb ntawm cov paj hlwb tseem ceeb hauv VR1-cov nas tsis zoo uas muaj kab mob hauv vitro rau ntau yam tsis txaus ntseeg tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Yog li ntawd, qee tus neeg ntseeg tias VR1 ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib kis ntawm ntau hom kev tsis txaus siab, thiab txawm ntseeg tias VR1 yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab qhov mob.

2. Ion channels thiab ion tam sim no

Hauv kev sim hauv vitro cell kab lis kev cai, ua kom VR1 ntawm lub cell membrane ntawm nas dorsal cag ganglion tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov sib txawv ntawm cov calcium ion influx. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev nce sai hauv cov calcium hauv cov cell (ob peb feeb) tom qab lub sijhawm rov qab los ntev (tsawg feeb). Piv nrog rau kev ua kom muaj zog-gated calcium channel nyob rau hauv tib lub cell los ntawm cov poov tshuaj ion depolarization, qhov loj thiab ceev ntawm kev nce hauv intracellular calcium concentration tshwm sim los ntawm VR1 ua kom zoo sib xws, tab sis rov qab los ntawm calcium ions mus rau theem so yog qeeb dua. ntau. Cov kev tshawb fawb siv mitochondrial decoupling cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pom tias mitochondria ua lub luag haujlwm tsis zoo hauv cov calcium ions hauv lub cev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no. Thaum muaj kev nkag mus loj ntawm cov cellular calcium ions, mitochondria nqus sodium thiab calcium ions. Thaum cov calcium ions hauv cytoplasm rov qab los, mitochondria tso calcium ions, uas ua rau lub sijhawm rov qab los. Thaum lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm ntev no, cov paj hlwb ua tsis zoo rau ob qho tib si extracellular potassium ions thiab capsaicin. Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau qhov desensitizing los ntawm capsaicin thiab nco txog qhov mob. Artificially cloned thiab qhia VR1 tuaj yeem qhib tau los ntawm vanillin compounds, hydrogen ions, kub siab tshaj 43 degree, thiab acid (pH tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 5.9). Yog li ntawd, qee cov neeg ntseeg tias VR1 yog ib qho molecular complex uas ua rau mob vim muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev stimulation. Kuj tseem muaj cov txiaj ntsig kev sim uas tsis txhawb qhov kev xav no. Nagy et al. siv electrophysiology thiab ion tam sim no ntsuas txoj kev los sib piv cov cell membrane cov lus teb ntawm nas thawj sensory hlwb rau capsaicin thiab noxious thermal stimulation, thiab paub tseeb tias cov khoom ntawm ion channel qhib los ntawm capsaicin los yog thermal stimulation muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws. , tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb, uas yog, calcium ion permeability ntawm cov cua sov-activated channel yog qis dua li capsaicin-activated channel. Cov channel uas teb rau thermal stimuli los yog capsaicin yog monosensitive, thiab tsuas yog ob peb ion channel yog dual rhiab rau cua sov thiab capsaicin. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho-cell theem, txhua lub cell muaj peev xwm teb rau cov cua sov los yog capsaicin. Nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias cov ntsiab lus molecular ntawm cov lus teb cellular tshwm sim los ntawm capsaicin thiab cov cua sov stimulation txawv, uas tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau ntau yam subtypes ntawm VR1.

3. Neuropeptide tso tawm

Chili kua txob activates VR1, qhib calcium channels, influxes calcium ions, thiab tsub kom cov concentration ntawm calcium ions nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm, ua rau cov neurons thiab lawv fibers tso tawm neuropeptides, xws li tshuaj P, neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide, thiab cov hlab ntsha. . Active plab hnyuv peptides thiab excitatory amino acids xws li glutamate thiab aspartate. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas capsaicin ua rau cov paj hlwb tso cov tshuaj P tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho. Hauv kev sim hauv vitro kab lis kev cai ntawm nas dorsal cag ganglion hlwb, nws tau pom tias capsaicin tuaj yeem ua rau tso cov tshuaj P los ntawm ob lub tswv yim: ib qho tso siab rau extracellular Calcium ion thiab synaptosomal coupling protein 25Kpa (SNAP-25); ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum tsis muaj cov calcium ions ntxiv thiab tsis muaj SNAP-25, capsaicin tuaj yeem ua tiav cov hlwb ganglion kom tso cov tshuaj P.

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